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The Constitution of India is the framework of law—constitutional law--that governs the Republic of India. The Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950, thus establishing India as a democratic republic nation state with a written constitution for the first time. This document has since been amended twenty-seven times by an act of parliament, passed according to procedures laid down in part three of the Constitution. It is also important to note that this constitutional system does not confer any power on Indian courts to enforce these rights or protect them against infringement by State gov officials or private individuals. Parts III to VI contain lists of fundamental rights, namely, the right to equality before the law; the right to life and personal liberty; the right against state's arbitrariness; the right to freedom of religion; and also Fundamental Duties, namely, duties towards one's parents, ones' progenitors, ones' teacher or guru (a person who is respected for something by his or her disciples). The constitution has recognised an uncodified list of fundamental rights. The Indian constitution is based on the rule of law principle, which means that the Constitution has to be interpreted in accordance with its text. The constitution has not made any provision for what will happen when it is violated. The constitution guarantees fundamental rights to all, but interpretations by judges are sometimes in conflict with the rights guaranteed in the document itself. This inconsistency raises doubts about whether constitutional provisions are in harmony with each other or if they are an obstacle to reform. It also raises concerns about growing state interference in citizens' rights and freedoms, both in India and worldwide The main challenges facing India's democratic future are political violence, corruption, caste system, education inequalities, poverty and unemployment etc. These challenges are the reasons of continuous political instability in India. Indian constitution provides that it does not provide for any individual or group above the Indian people to claim that he or she is an absolute ruler, and it does not provide for some groups to claim some special privileges, rights, duties or benefits on account of some special qualities given by the document itself. Those claims do not occur because they are unjustified or against the spirit of common law and constitutional morality. A notable example is Article 14 of the Constitution which declares that "all citizens shall be equal before law" without providing any differentiation between them on grounds such as sex, caste, creed, colour etc., unless they are mentioned in Section 2(a) of the Constitution. Also, an important part of the Indian constitution is Article 21 which guarantees the right to life. This article has been used by the Supreme Court of India to strike down many anti-life laws. The Indian constitution has established four tiers of judiciary, namely, State High Courts, the Supreme Court of India , the High Courts of certain states and Union Territory Administrations. States are empowered to sue in their respective High Courts for violation of constitutional rights by any person or body including the Central Government or any State Government or any body corporate or individual having functions under any Central Act or State Act. The States are also empowered to pass laws regarding enforcement of rights envisaged by the Constitution by Civil Procedure Code . cfa1e77820
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